Innate immunity, orchestrated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including TLRs, NLRs, and the cGAS–STING pathway, forms the foundation of host ...

Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...

T cell activation—the process by which these key immune defenders recognize threats and mobilize against them—depends on exquisitely timed molecular signals. Now researchers have captured one of the ...

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The left panel (A) demonstrates the activated Wnt signaling cascade, while the right side portrays the inhibited Wnt signaling cascade. Wnt binds to the Fz ...